At a July 1 government session, Science and Higher Education Minister Sayasat Nurbek laid out a reform model built around five priorities: human capital, educational quality, science, innovation and artificial intelligence. The list shows how far the policy agenda has traveled since 2022, when the former Education and Science Ministry split into two ministries.
Universities in Kazakhstan are no longer expected only to award degrees. They are being positioned as engines of technological development, economic diversification and the country’s regional influence. Internationalization is the most visible part of that shift.
Kazakhstan has built 40 strategic partnerships with foreign universities, including 33 branch campuses now operating on Kazakh soil. More than 35,000 international students were enrolled as of late 2025, and the government wants that figure at 100,000 by 2029. Kazakhstan also became the first Central Asian country to ratify UNESCO’s Tokyo Convention on the recognition of higher education qualifications, it took effect May 1, strengthening the legal basis for student mobility and cross-border recognition.
These are real gains. But they are inputs, not outcomes. The next phase of reform should be measured less by the number of foreign campuses, partnerships or international students, and more by what Kazakhstan keeps from this expansion. A foreign university branch builds lasting value only when it trains local faculty, staffs joint research teams, supervises doctoral students and grows laboratories and future academic leaders at home.
Each major partnership should carry measurable commitments on skills transfer, local leadership and research infrastructure along with protections for students if a foreign partner changes course or leaves. Internationalization should make Kazakhstan more capable, not more dependent.
The same principle should guide regional university policy. Not every institution needs to chase Nazarbayev University’s global ranking strategy. Universities should be funded and judged against missions tied to their own regions, an agricultural university leading on food systems and water security, an institution in an industrial region specializing in mining safety and the energy transition, others focused on teacher training, public health, logistics or Kazakh-language technology.
National importance does not require one university model. Science policy faces the same test. Kazakhstan’s Concept for the Development of Higher Education and Science for 2023-2029 aims to lift research spending to the global benchmark of 1% of GDP, a serious climb from the roughly 0.16% the country spends today.
Public grants alone will not close that gap. Companies need to become active users and co-funders of university research, not just recipients of its graduates. Artificial intelligence raises the stakes further. Kazakhstan has declared 2026 the Year of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence, and the national AI-Sana program has already introduced roughly 650,000 students to AI fundamentals, with 100,000 now moving into advanced, project-based training.
Universities must prepare specialists and produce research at the same speed the technology moves. That means confronting harder questions early, who owns student data? How should AI-assisted assessment be governed? Will Kazakh-language resources keep pace with imported platforms?
Answering them now will determine whether technological modernization narrows Kazakhstan’s gaps or opens new ones. Nazarbayev University’s own new strategy offers the clearest articulation of what should guide the whole system: A World-Class- made in Kazakhstan.